Controversy before the Civil War Essay

During the expansion westward of United States, controversy between the Northern and the Southern States quickly arose. This was primarily due to the disagreement of what these new western territories would become- free or slave states. The Southern States wanted these new territories to support slavery so they could send more pro-slavery senators/ representatives to Congress, which was the opposite for the Northern States. Many important events from 1845-1861 quickly led to the start of the Civil War due to these Northern and Southern disputes. When the U.S. finally claimed more land after the Mexican War, the Southern and Northern States slowly began to move farther apart. Even though Northern congressmen supported the Wilmot Proviso, which banned slavery in all new Western territories, the Southern congressmen completely disagreed and went against it. The Compromise of 1850 was set to hopefully smooth these disputes over by supporting the idea of popular sovereignty, western lands having the right to determine by themselves whether they would be free or slave states. The Free-Soil Party also had a big impact. They opposed slavery’s expansion in the Western territories in the late 1840s and early 1850s. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott Case (1857) decision highlighted the slavery disagreement and caused even more problems between the Northern and Southern States, pushing the U.S. even closer to the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, passed in 1854 as a small compromise, enforced popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, creating disagreements over whether these territories would choose to become free or slave states. The Kansas-Nebraska Act even created tensions over the overturned Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had held the nation together by allowing slavery north of the already created line. In result, pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups flooded Kansas and battled in the â€Å"Bleeding Kansas† conflict over whether the territory would become a free or slave state. The expansion westward was a big step for the United States, and it sparked a huge controversy between the Northern and Southern States. Southerners wanted these new territories to support slavery, so they could have more senators/representatives in congress, whereas the North wanted the new territories to reject slavery. Important events such as the Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, Popular Sovereignty, Dred Scott Case, Kansas/Nebraska Act, and Free Soilers all quickly sparked disputes between the North and the South during the years 1845-1861 prior to the Civil War.

Liberalism

This week essay based on Gerald Macaulay, last week's articles Essay Assignment November 4th Instructions, Guidelines Topics Opinion based on research (secondary) Extension of a week to November 1 lath for any reason 1. What are ideologies 2. Key Feature of Ideologies 3. What Is â€Å"special† about Ideologies? 4. What is the history of the concept? 5. Positive vs.. Negative conception of ideology 6.Complications of studying them What are ideologies? Competing conceptual frameworks Clusters/composites of political beliefs, values and ideas a pattern of social, political, economic, technological and philosophical beliefs that help us organize the world around us. † P. X Grounded in beliefs about human nature and social possibility (what is, and what could be) What do Ideologies do?Explain or Inform – what Is going on? Judge-what should I think about this? Guide political actions- what should do about this? Inform social relations-Who are my allies? My enemies? What Is my relationship to other In this? Etc. Key Features of ideologies Historically contingent-constantly changing/shifting Changes In central concepts (meanings) and also In relation of concepts to other concepts (e. G. Allegations of freedom to equality) Include â€Å"core† and â€Å"adjacent† concepts Both rational and emotional Normative and prescriptive In various affinities/alliances with each other (historically shifting) Include a spectrum of views Frequently claim to be true, to be non-ideological 1 OFF Differentiating ideologies from political theories/philosophies 1) Typicality 2) Influence 3) Conceptual Creativity 4) Communicability History of Ideologies Link to democracy, to concern with public opinion ) As a scientific term of study.

Accounting Terminology Essay

Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. For each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answer â€Å"None† if the statement does not correctly describe any of the terms. a. The level of sales at which revenue exactly equals costs and expenses. Break-even point. b. Costs remain unchanged despite changes in sales volume. Fixed Costs. c. The span over which output is likely to vary and assumptions about cost behavior generally remain valid. Relevant Range. d. Sales revenue less variable costs and expenses. Contribution margin. e. Unit sales price minus variable cost per unit. Unit contribution margin. f. The reduction in unit cost achieved from a higher level of output. Economics of scale. g. Costs the respond to changes in sales volume by less than a proportionate amount. Semi variable costs. h. Operating income less variable costs. â€Å"None†. Exercise 20.7 – Using Cost-Volume-Profit Formulas Exercise 21.2 – Home Depot’s Financial Statements: Incremental, Sunk, and Opportunity Costs Read the footnote in Appendix A referring to Home Depot’s decision to close all of its remaining big box stores in China. Write a short paragraph identifying the incremental, sunk and opportunity costs associated with this decision. Assume that any cost savings will be invested elsewhere in more productive stores. Incremental costs relate to the difference in costs between alternative courses of action and incremental revenues. The incremental costs that would be that would occur from either remodeling or closing Home Depot an existing location would include cost of materials, overhead from the actual physical remodel, labor that includes employee pay for rearranging and moving merchandise during a remodel if it occurred, designing and planning costs. Opportunity costs are important factors when it comes to decision making because they define the costs of taking some action in terms of the value foregone or that’s given up due to a particular action taken place. Opportunity costs of remolding would include profits on lost sales if the store is closed during remodeling, loss of current sales due to decrease in customer traffic (due to excessive noise, smell, dirt and inconveniences. Stores could potentially lose profit if they are not able to stock the full line of products or keep items stocked during a remodel. Whereas a sunk cost is an outlay that has been irrevocably incurred at some time in the past; sunk costs cannot be changed no matter what course of action is taken and are irrelevant for purposes of decision making involving the future. Sunk costs related to either remodeling of the store that would need to be taken into consideration include original costs of the current store (decorations, paint, shelves, displays, carpet) and designs that will need to be replaced or removed during either remodeling or closing. Exercise 21.6 – Incremental Analysis: Make or Buy Decision The cost to Swank Company of manufacturing 15,000 units of a particular part is $135,000, of which $60,000 is fixed and $75,000 is variable. The company can buy the part from an outside supplier for $6 per unit. Fixed costs will remain the  same regardless of Swank’s decision. Should the company buy the part or continue to manufacture it? Prepare a comparative schedule in the format illustrated in Exhibit 21-6. It would be more beneficial for the company to manufacture the part rather than buy it from an outside provider. Brief Exercise 22.9 – Flows of Costs through Manufacturing Accounts The President of Cold Moo Ice Cream Company, a chain of ice cream stores in the Midwest, was unhappy with the actual six-month profit figures for the  company recently prepared by the CFO. The president asked the CFO for a profit breakdown, by store, of the actual six-month results. When the President received the report, he was extremely upset and called the CFO, into his office. The President stated, â€Å"These reports show that each store in the chain is profitable, but our company results are unprofitable! How can this be?† The CFO pointed out that each store was allowed to set prices for ice cream based on its cost structure. However, the stores’ cost structures did not include headquarters costs of the costs of advertising and delivery of products. What are the three characteristics for operating a successful responsibility accounting system? Consider whether the accounting system at Cold Moo Ice Cream Company includes the three characteristics of a successful responsibility accounting system. How could the responsibility accounting system at Cold Moo be improved? As the Textbook states, â€Å"measuring performance along the lines of management responsibility is an important function. A responsibility accounting system holds individual managers accountable for the performance of the business centers under their control and provides top management with information useful in identifying strengths and weaknesses among units throughout the organization.† The three characteristics of a successful operating accounting system will include budgets, will measure the performance, and contain timely performance reports. â€Å"Budgets serve as performance targets for each subunit in an organization. The accounting system will measure the performance of each responsibility center, and timely performance reports are prepared that compare the actual performance of each center with the amounts budgeted.† When reports are preformed frequently, it allows center managers to be able to keep their performances on target, and helps with the evaluation of the managers. It does not appear hat Cold Moo Ice Cream is following the timely reports method of the accounting system, which is essential to ensuring the financial information is accurate as possible, and to improve this aspect should be more intertwined with the actual budget and more accurately present how the performance of the store is measured. To do so the responsibility income statement should also be presented, this  contains not only the operating results of a particular part of a business but also the revenue and expenses of each profit center within that part, which could be extremely important to see how those centers within the same area measure and stack up against one another. For the responsibility income statement to be informative and useful it should essentially and efficiently be able to detail Variable Costs, Contribution Margin, Fixed Costs, Traceable Fixed Costs and Common Fixed Costs. In addition, fixed costs that are common to both product lines amount to $125,000.00. Instructions a. Prepare Chocolatiers’ responsibility income statement for the current month. Report the responsibility margin for each product line and income from operations for the company as a whole. Also include columns showing all dollar amounts as percentages of sales. b. According to the analysis performed in part a, which product line is more profitable? Should the common fixed costs be considered when determining the profitability of individual product lines? Why or why not? According the analysis in part a, the solid product line is more profitable. When determining profitability of any product line, common fixed costs should not be considered. Only the costs that are directly traceable to the product lines should be included. Common fixed costs are not directly traceable to any product, as they are arbitrarily allocated in proportion to a chosen factor, for example, machine hour or square feet of a certain space occupied. c. Chocolatiers has $15,000.00 to be used in advertising for one of the two product lines and expects that the expenditure will result in additional sales of $50,000.00. How should the company decide which product line to advertise? The effects of this campaign will typically be in both sales and variable costs, and therefore the company should select the product line based on which product will have the highest contribution margin ratio, which is the  percentage of sales, service revenues or selling price that remains after all variable costs and variable expenses have been covered. This method takes into consideration the limited time frame of the advertising campaign, where fixed costs will most likely not be affected.

Natural Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural Selection - Essay Example The world is going through the process of changes at different levels and most of them are related to human activity that goes on without intermission. Evolutionary biology provides perfect understanding and increases awareness. Regina Bailey argues that â€Å"Biological evolution is defined as any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or not so noticeable. In order for an event to be considered an instance of evolution, changes have to occur on the genetic level of a population and be passed on from one generation to the next.†(Bailey†¦)It helps to predict short and long- term results of variations in the environment, global warming and results of application of pesticides. Interaction between adaptation and chance are the conflicting agents in the process of natural selection. When we say variation is the key concept, the role of lineages that are engaged in competition goes to prove th e importance of natural selection. Biological species are not unchangeable entities and they are ever on the flux. Regina Bailey further states, â€Å"Natural selection is the process by which biological evolutionary changes take place. Natural selection acts on populations and not individuals†¦.. Evolution suggests that all life is connected and can be traced back to one common ancestor. A literal interpretation of biblical creation suggests that life was created by an all-powerful, supernatural being.†(Bailey)The Process of Natural Selection, as propounded by Darwin has four components. They are â€Å"variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth and differential survival and reproduction.†(2011, Medical†¦) Viewed from any angle, natural selection is an important concept in evolutionary

Creative Clusters & Gentrification with focus on the Hoxton area in Essay - 1

Creative Clusters & Gentrification with focus on the Hoxton area in London - Essay Example The objective of the study is to find out the reason and factors influencing the poor performance. Why the sales have fallen or what is the problem of the employees. Though the five layer management systems are being followed what are the loop wholes is the system. Why it has not been able to reach the targeted goal. While other and peer companies are doing well what keeps this organization lag behind. The second objective is to provide corrective measures to address the current challenges. The study should also propose short, medium and long term solutions to come out from the problematic situation. It should also highlight the theories and models behind the suggested solutions. The solution will include all the departments starting form marketing to human resource and others. So summarizing the above discussion the task of the new manager is to identify the challenging areas and prescribe the appropriate solutions for this to shift the company from a loss making venture to profit m aking entity. Though the problems are many, but the study has identified serious and major four problems that need to be addressed immediately. These problems are related to marketing department, human resource department, financial department and research and development department. The business is suffering from lack of revenue collection, and lack of sales. The client base of the company is poor. That is why the revenue collection is not up to the mark. Customers are the key factors of any business. They are the revenue generating sources of any business. The ideal number of clients depends on the nature of the product and reach of the product. But client satisfaction is extremely important. Every company has to maintain a proper client’s pipeline. Benton et al. (2003) argued that problem related to clients is increasing. A business falls under severe problem if sales figure or the number of active clients is not enough to reach the break even. Russell

Operation Management Degree Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation Management Degree - Case Study Example They are behind schedule with RA4. Susan has mentioned that they discuss the issue at the caf' when they meet. The caf' was very good in many respects, but problems were occurring since the new manager had taken over towards the end of the previous year. The caf' offered hot food for breakfast and lunch, snacks and sandwiches throughout the day and an out-of-hour's service area with tea and coffee and machine-supplied snacks. This had been a replacement for the 'hot food' service that had been available the previous year as part of cost saving measures that the new manager introduced. At that time, the software developers used to use the caf' in the evening, as they often worked late into the night but were rarely to be seen in the current times. Added to the above, the standard of the freshly prepared food varied enormously and stock outs were getting worse with more occasions when ingredients were missing or late and even some of the snacks supplies were becoming erratic. The canteen manager appeared to be having problems with a number of suppliers and this was having a big impact on the service offered. Obviously, there is a difference between the definition of quality for the caf' and the development team. The difference is limited to the kind of problems. However, conditions both at the caf' and the development team were worsening. Hassan needs to get to grips with the software development teams. ... The meals were expensive The queues in the caf' were ridiculous Added to the above, the standard of the freshly prepared food varied enormously and stock outs were getting worse with more occasions when ingredients were missing or late and even some of the snacks supplies were becoming erratic. The canteen manager appeared to be having problems with a number of suppliers and this was having a big impact on the service offered. Obviously, there is a difference between the definition of quality for the caf' and the development team. The difference is limited to the kind of problems. However, conditions both at the caf' and the development team were worsening. Hassan needs to get to grips with the software development teams. Quality is a big issue here; your task is to recommend ways in which they can assess and analyze the problems in more detail using suitable quality assessment. There is no doubt that the software development teams need a shot in the arm. It is pointless to blame anyone. The environment has deteriorated to an extent that nobody is able to produce quality work. Hassan has to make moves that will ensure proper working conditions to enable the software development teams perform to their maximum potential. In this situation, kaizen has the capability to bring about the necessary transformation. Actually, kaizen is the rallying point. Hassan must draw from the principles of kaizen and apply them to work for Wishton House. Basically, kaizen in Japanese means "to become good." In order to become good, there are some principles that must be followed. The foundational principles of kaizen are: teamwork, personal discipline, improved morale, quality circles, and suggestions for improvement. These are broad principles and Hassan must define them in the

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanities - Essay Example The creativity, magnificence, and sentimental influences involved in the artwork makes them valuable. Different times in history have given rise to different art forms (Charles & Metcalf, 2007). One of the ancient times, known by the name of Renaissance existed from 15th to 17th centuries and the eighteenth century art emerged under the name of neoclassical art. Renaissance is a word that came under the derivation from French language that means reborn. A cultural and learning rebirth that began from Florence - Italy, reached the boundaries of Europe later on. The art in this era was intensifying with a unique, exclusive, and different style in the form of paintings and sculpture making, which came under the name of Renaissance art. This period not only gave a different meaning to the field of arts but philosophy, literature, music, and science saw a massive change and improvements. Renaissance art gave birth to new forms and techniques of paintings that not only affected the artists through its work but common people similarly came under affection by it (Charles & Metcalf, 2007). Renaissance artist started to make paintings on distinctive subjects and real life images portraying human exquisiteness and life’s contentment came into focus rather than restricting themselves to only religious paintings. The artists focused on minute details of the object from different angles and distances while painting or making sculptures. The paintings of middle ages that focused on stiff and erect bodies came into replacement by real life paintings (Charles & Metcalf, 2007). The period of Renaissance gave birth to indigenous artists, such as the well known Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Leonardo da Vinci with the use of oil paint enhanced his paintings that mainly focused on landscapes, natural objects, and humans. He included microscopic details in all his paintings and one of his most admired paintings includes Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Michelange lo only targeted human body in his artwork and the marble statue of David is his famous creation. In the High Renaissance period, Raphael has also contributed in his work of art. Even, he was famous for his portraits of the nobles of that time and his renowned art includes portrait of Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X (Books, 2010). Looking at the other end of the spectrum, the eighteenth century art gave birth to a new form, known as neoclassical art, generally seen in paintings, portraits, sculptures, and scenery/landscape. The advent of neoclassical art of the eighteenth century was from France. Simplicity, transparency, and realism were the key features of neoclassical art. Naturalism also came under focus in the neoclassical art like that of Renaissance art (Books, 2010). This art form came under influence by the ancient ideas and artists integrated these inspirations with their thoughts and observations in their portraits and paintings. Representation of the themes in the form of symbols and codes became a principal aspect in the artwork of the artists to express their thoughts, emotions, and views. Eighteenth century paintings and portraits did not reflect the ideas of barbarism, unprofessionalism, and narrow-mindedness. Artists’ knitted their visions, dreams and inspirations well with the bright and colorful images (Buser, 2006). The era of neoclassical art has seen many skillful artists that were well qualified, classy, and cultured. Some of the legendary artists of this

Psychological theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychological theories - Research Paper Example People need to feel loved and appreciated in order for them to change from bad habits (Schur,  2001). Therefore, the society should treat people in a better way instead of labeling them. This way, persons will not feel stigmatized despite their past actions. Instead, they will even desire to change in and become better persons. Therefore, indeed labeling theory has a significant effect on the psychology of an individual. Background Most of the crimes in the world are usually owed to poverty or lack. Although it is true that individuals may commit some crimes such as theft due to lacking some materials possessions, other crimes such as murder cannot be owed to lack or insufficiency of wealth. Serial killers are mostly defined as individuals who kill more than three people within a very period. For instance, records kept of serial killers show that they killed upto three victims per day. Serial killers do not just murder their victims. Most of them rape or sodomize their victims befo re putting them to death. There have also been cases of killers who mutilate the bodies after the victims have died. It is for these reasons that serial killers are thought to be psychopaths who have no conscience at all. Scholars assert that serial killers mainly murder out of psychological reasons such as labeling by the society (Cote,  2002). ... In addition, they are also not individuals who will have regrets after committing their crimes. Instead, scholars assert that these individuals derive fun and pleasure from these inhuman acts. The Labeling Theory and Crime The labeling theory states that people can create an individual’s bad character when they stigmatize them (Bryant, 2012). For instance, when an individual has been charged with criminal activities, people in the society are likely to label him or her as a criminal. The labeling theory asserts that; when an individual has been labeled in a certain way in the society, they tend to start acting according to their label (Cote,  2002). In addition, when people feel they are being treated like criminals they become frustrated and filled with anger. Therefore, the only way to vent this anger is by murder, as a way of taking revenge on humans. The theory also asserts that persons that have been labeled do not have peace inside themselves. Therefore, in order to en sure that other persons are also not peaceful too, the individuals prefer to take their lives by killing them. Therefore, the key causal factor arising from labeling theory is frustration. Individuals become frustrated due to stigmatization in the society. The labeling theory asserts that when an individual has been labeled, a number of factors in him become affected and thus, he starts engaging in criminal activities. This is because; labeling significantly affects the psychology of an individual. Labeling theory and the Social Psychology of an individual The social psychology of an individual refers to his social attributes. While some individuals are born while antisocial naturally, labeling affects the

Managment Style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managment Style - Research Paper Example b. Customer Satisfaction – Bibu and Moniem (2011) contend that customer satisfaction also correlate to employee satisfaction, as well as, the latter’s sense of productivity and performance. Thus, in organizational development, the company shouldn’t be just interested in customer satisfaction but also must improve the capacity of human resource to make them competitively leverage and distinction in their services. Making them customer-focused needs a healthy interactive capacity while deployed in varying tasks to fulfill customer needs. c. Role and Responsibility—this is a general concept that relates to specific tasks, functions, and accountability of workers. d. System and Process – includes the conduct of training, improvement of communication, recognition of good and efficient workers, and the utilization of technology to advance organizational operations and to improve the services of human resources. The system is either internal or external. I nternal system relates to defined rules and procedures of the company while the external system are those regulations mandated by the government and its agencies which compel an organization to follow as a matter of policy. e. Results and Measures— in business strategic management, result and measure relate to performance management and the use of evaluative measures to ascertain that the employee has achieved, where one failed, and who needed more capacity enhancement. In many companies, this is called as quality control and could be furthered through constructive criticism or feed-backing system. f. Business Growth – Growth are based on some economic principles such as â€Å"protection of property rights, market-based competition,... This essay will explicate the comparative management styles of cited nations. American business managers also seriously practice transactional and transformation leadership with incessant interest for company growth and development. Thus, most of them are adept on change management by optimizing open communication system. To maintain the motivation of their employees, they include them in planning and in strategizing the business plan. According to the paper experts posit that entrepreneurial leadership in an organizations demand the need to quantifying leadership behaviors because of the revolution and changes in measuring the behaviors of both leaders and managers. It is but exact that human resource managers must have in-depth understanding the cognitive skills and the intellectual intelligence of its workers. This is because, as discussed earlier, leadership skills are crucial in organizational developments and in decision-making. Ward suggested that organizational performance is related leadership skills where models are suggested to be followed and appreciated for organizational stability and sustainability. It makes a conclusion considering all these, it is but essential for Saudi-based managers to restudy some excellent or best practices in HRM and OD practiced in American society. They may later identify what is practicable for effective and efficient organizational management under its Muslim culture and practices. What is significant here is that there are theories in leadership for organizational development and human resource management that can be utilized for practical ends—and hopefully influence for a more effective organization management. It’s a necessity that the company is able to reinvent and innovate for high performance and success.

Counselling psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Counselling psychology - Essay Example Person centred therapy is closer to being a pure form of therapy as compared to psychodynamic therapy. The credit for developing this approach is given to the noted psychologist, Carl Rogers, who came from the humanist tradition. For the most part, this approach to therapy can be considered counselling since the idea in this approach is for the therapist to create a personalised relationship with the individual that is receiving therapy. Rogers () himself has suggested that, â€Å"The more the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional front or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner (Rogers, 1980, Pg. 115)†. In fact, Carl Rogers wanted the therapy sessions to be a journey of discovery for both the therapist and the patient in which they come to a realisation where patients can help themselves come to terms with their psychological problems. With this approach, the patient is pointed towards the idea of personal growth that connects itself with the future and the present situation of the patient rather than events that happened in the past. Therapy is given through verbal communications and is non-directive since the patient is allowed to express feelings and emotions while the therapist helps him/her in understanding why these emotions or feelings are coming through (Rogers, 1980). Person centred therapy has a two pronged approach to managing psychological issues. The first is to improve the patient’s level of self-esteem through therapy and positive communication while the second is to create a greater openness to new experiences. This form of therapy also seeks to create related changes such as a deeper connection between the patients idealized self and actual self. It also seeks to create an improved understanding of the self-image, lowered levels of defensive behaviour and to improve the quality of the relationships the client has with others

Performance Measurement Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Performance Measurement Systems - Essay Example This paper presents an understanding of performance measurement systems and their effectiveness in enhancing employee performance. It also discusses the way performance measurement systems should be implemented so as to achieve desired outcomes and motivate employees to perform accordingly. Performance measures are of critical importance to all organisations, public and private both. Organisations are increasingly being focused on devising and implementing sound performance measurement techniques and systems so as to direct employees' behaviour and efforts towards the achievement of organisational goals. Performance measures are generally concerned with gauging the extent to which an organisation achieves desired or planned outcomes out of all the efforts and investment put into the operation. Adcroft propounds that "central to pretty much all measures of organisational performance is an understanding of the relationship between economic inputs and outputs" (2005, p388). An organisation, whether private or public, is said to be performing well if the performance measures or means to gauge the level of employee performance verify that the efforts have led to the desired outcomes in the favour of the organisation. Public and private sector organisations both have different objectives behind formulation and implementation of different performance measures. De Bruijn says that "a public organisation formulates envisaged performance and indicates how this performance can be measured by defining performance indicators" (2002, p579). Public organisations for instance NHS, public libraries and universities gauge their performances by setting standards against which actual performance can be measured. Due to the fact that most public sector organisations do not operate for profit motives, these organisations cannot set performance goals on the basis of achievement of profit targets. The public organisations have therefore different objectives and purposes for performance measurement as compared to private sector organisations working for the achievement of profit goals. In public sector organisations, performance measures are generally intended to achieve the objectives set out primarily by government and local bodies. It is because these organisations are not motivated by profit targets, they can not measure performance through budgeting etc. Parker says that in public sector organisations, "performance measures should be designed to inform all of the stakeholders of the effectiveness of their service, reflecting the objectives of Government and Local Authority" (2006, p35). In this way, performance measures in public sector organisations will not inform the sectors on profitability of operations, rather the efficiency of services they provide to the customers for example efficiency of health services in NHS and services in public libraries. Performance Measurement and Organisational Structure: The increasing focus on performance management to emphasise control issues and achievement of organisational purposes has led to an evident shift in organisational structure and approach towards control systems. It has diversified the focus of control systems

The Pearl Manuscript and medieval visionaries Essay Example for Free

The Pearl Manuscript and medieval visionaries Essay Pearl texts and their surviving manuscripts are the rich heritage property of Middle English poetry. When a war is won, mention of important soldiers and Generals who contributed to the success of the war, if often mentioned and recorded. Similar is the case about the literature. The scholars who read, analyze, interpret and offer their criticism on ancient classics are often remembered by the .literary enthusiasts. So when one talks about the Pearl Manuscript, one remembers Sir Israel Gollancz. His views containing Pearl, Cleanness, Gawain and the Green Knight and Patience are original and noteworthy . His views have contributed much to shape the modern critical perspectives of this great text. The highlight of the poems of the Pearl Manuscripts is the   timeless appeal and the   inherent capacity to reach the inner realms of the human being with their latent   spiritual strength. What makes Gollancz’s editorial achievement exclusive? It is so, because it is comprehensive and well-researched.   Gollancz has taken into account all the important aspects of the Pearl Manuscript. His facsimile was reprinted three times since 1923, was reissued in 1971.For the later scholars Gollancz was the inspiration and the base. The audience for these poems is of two categories. The scholars engaged in study and further research on them, and the lay readers. Both owe a debt of gratitude for the enthusiasm and dedication with which Gollancz worked on Pearl Manuscripts. He kindled the interest of both categories in profound riches of the medieval English verse, for the period 1891 to 1940.But for Gollancz’s dedication, the task of going through the Pearl Manuscript in facsimile, would have been difficult. The original version of the Pearl texts and the authentic details of their codex are available at the Manuscript Room of the British Library. The other route to get it is costly and time-consuming—order copies of individual leaves from the Library’s Photographic Reproductions Office. â€Å"For these major achievements and for the many smaller contributions he made to resolving specific textual problems which vexed scholars of the Pearl poems, I believe the name of Sir Israel Gollancz must be placed alongside those of Sir Frederick Madden and Richard Morris on the list of founders of modern scholarship on the Pearl Manuscripts poems.†(Reichardt†¦) Some examples of the poems are: â€Å"Hope 3e à ¾at He heres not à ¾at eres alle made? Hit may not be à ¾at He is blynde à ¾at bigged vche y3e. (Patience, 123-24)1† (Reichardt..) The narrator of Patience recalls the Psalmist’s words: no one can escape the omniscience of God. Presently, this omniscience of God is related to the faculties of sight and hearing. You can not run away from the realities of life. You have to suffer or enjoy the consequences of your evil or good actions. There is no escape from it because you don’t have a secure place of escape away from the vision of God. Not even a leaf oscillates without His wish. The Creator sees all and hears all. The relationship between man and God is undeniable. All types of manifestations in the world are as per the will and command of God. Wherever we are and whatever we may do, our prime concern should be to exemplify and demonstrate the validity of the power of the Supreme Being. It is no use getting intoxicated by the intellectual achievements disregarding the reality of the Cosmic Supreme. â€Å"BÄ•rÄ «th is the Hebrew word which, in the Old Testament, is applied to ‘the three great covenants established by God at the three critical stages of the history of mankind: the creation, the reestablishment of mankind after the flood, and the birth of the Hebrew nation.’5 The centrality of covenant to the poems in this manuscript is manifest in the inclusion of the stories of both Noah and Abraham in Cleanness.†(www.marginalia) What is a fully imagined devotional response? It is the beginning of the search within.   Action without the motivated desire is possible through the sensory organs as seen in Pearl when the Dreamer approaches Christ. This means God can not be searched in the world outside. He can be realized in the innermost chambers of our heart and that too through a specific procedure. God is not sitting in the sky granting rewards and punishments. â€Å"Delyt me drof in y3e and ere, My manez mynde to maddyng malte; Quen I se3 my frely, I wolde be à ¾ere, By3onde à ¾e water à ¾a3 ho were walte. (Pearl, 1153-56)†(Reichrdt..) Wise people say that a poet sees what the sun can not see! This statement highlights the strength of the power of the narrative imagery. The images created by the poet are as powerful as those seen with the eye, if not more. Spoken words can provide you with some understanding but they can not reveal the truth. The truth can only be experienced, through the inner eye. If one wishes to see and know God, one has to perceive the eternal Divinity within one’s true Self. For that the precondition is to ignite a passionate and inextinguishable thirst to see, know, and realize our eternal Father. Since the dawn of the Creation, the procedure to know God has been one and the same. One’s own inner self is the eternal witness to one’s actions. There is no escape from this position under any circumstances. To watch means to participate. This condition is also in tune with the legal process. A covenant would not be valid without the witness, which ipso facto means that the witness has the perfect understanding of the contract. The witness has truly educated himself as to the true implications of the action. The word education is derived from the root â€Å"edu†, which means to draw out. So what is to be drawn out? It is one’s inherently blocked flow of latent potential including wisdom and creativity that needs to be squeezed out. Here one can understand what Mass implies. It is the enactment of both the spiritual and legal aspects of the covenant. The bread and wine symbolize the body and blood of Christ. In the Sacrifice of the Mass the priest takes recourse to dual actions-affirmative and destructive. A comparison can be drawn here, between the positive and negative tendencies of an individual. He re-enacts Christ’s breaking of the bread at the Last Supper and his immolation in the Passion. The question is how to beat the negative tendencies and how to draw out the celestial flow of dormant potential in every individual. For that, the need is to dig a tunnel right up to one’s core personality. Such a tunneling effect is the outcome of establishing unity between all one’s personality layers while harmonizing each one of them with one’s core personality called Pure Consciousness or Soul, which is the actual reservoir of one’s total potential.  Ã‚   The sum and substance of the Pearl Manuscript is to know and understand one’s inner world, which is the fountainhead of bliss, the communion with it paves the way for eternal happiness. Happiness and melancholy are the outcomes of one’s own positive and negative thoughts respectively. A spiritual flight is an ecstatic transcendental experience carried out by one’s soul. It involves the intermingling of one’s Soul with All-pervading eternal Consciousness. The deeper the Soul delves into the Infinite ocean of Universal Consciousness, the more it gets embellished with the spiritual pearls. This mystical transcendental experience is inexplicable, as it beyond all words, known languages and varied expressions. This is hurdle faced by greatest of the great poets. At this point, the power of poet’s imagery becomes powerless. For, this state can neither be defined nor confined and hence is inexpressible in terms of words and expressions. The best way to know it is through Self-Realization. Such a state is described by Poet Wordsworth in his poem ‘Daffodils’ as â€Å"the bliss of solitude.† Confessio Amantis (The Lover’s Confession) is a Middle-English poem by John Gower. It uses the confession made by an old lover to the Chaplin of Venus. The 33,000 lines poem is one of the great works of late 14th century English literature. The poet was an eminent writer, and belonged to a wealthy family. The contents of the poem again relate to vices and virtues, the sinner and the sinned, the different grades in the society, how the sinner can return to God, how he can obtain pardon by Jesus Christ, and his mother, the glorious Virgin. Probably it was written about 1376-1379.Confessio Amantis is addressed to King Henry IV. The subject dealt with has been called â€Å"In Praise of Peace.† In the conversation between the confessor and the penitent, seven deadly sins are discussed, by tales borrowed from other notable works, including the Bible. The transition from earthly love to higher plane of love is also elucidated. John Gower is no ordinary writer and â€Å"Confession Amantis, is by no means slender, and in some respects will stand comparison with Chaucers admittedly great gifts as a narrator.†(Catholic Encyclopedia) Conclusion The medieval poems have a charm of their own. That was the time the humanity was not affected by materialism, industrial and internet revolution. Rule of the heart prevailed, over the rule of the reason. The Kings and Queens dominated the political scene. Romanticism was part of the life of men in the high society. God and spirituality influenced every segment of the society and every aspect of human life. Human being feared the divine powers and prayed for peace and welfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚            References Cited: Andrew, Malcolm, Waldron, Ronand; Book: Poems Of The Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience Gawain and the Green Knight (UEP Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies) Paperback: 380 pages Publisher: University of Exeter Press; 3 edition (January 1, 2002) Language: English ISBN-10: 0859897265 ISBN-13: 978-0859897266 Reichardt, Paul F. Sir Israel Gollancz and the editorial history of the Pearl findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3708/is_199504/ai_n8729842/pg_11 33k Cached Similar pages, Retrieved on May 2, 2008 Reading and Believing: Covenant in the Poems of the Pearl Manuscript Gower’s words.. www.marginalia.co.uk/journal/06cambridge/bates.php 37k Cached Similar pages,Retrieved on My 2,2008. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John Gower The Confession Amantis was translated into Portuguese by Robert Payn.. www.newadvent.org/cathen/06685a.htm 30k Cached Similar pages   Retrieved on May 2, 2008

Reviewing Criticisms Feminist Writers Made Of Criminology Criminology Essay

Reviewing Criticisms Feminist Writers Made Of Criminology Criminology Essay Feminism, according to Mitchell and Oakley (1986:3) suggest that it is easier to define feminism in its absence rather than its presence. Delmar (1986) defines it that, a feminist holds that women suffer discrimination because of their sex, that they have needs which are neglected and unsatisfied, and that the satisfaction of these needs requires a radical change. However, he clearly states that in order distinguish feminists or feminism from the multiplicity of those concerned with women issues, feminism should be defined as a field, even though diverse, but women can make no claim to an exclusive interest in or copyright over problems affecting women. Feminist criminology therefore proceeds from the assertion that women have been highly marginalised and are all too often invisible and when they have been the centre of attention this has not been observed and treated with sympathy. At the heart of feminist criminology, a critique of extant criminology lurks for the reasons below, th e failure to theorise or engage in the empirical study of female offending, the neglect of female victimisation and, particularly, male violence against women and the over concentration on the impact of the criminal justice system on male offenders. Carol Smart (1976) raised two crucial areas of concern. These were; that there was a particular danger of studying women separately from men would cause more marginalisation and this would also lead to the perpetuation of a male dominated criminology and the second one was that, increasing academic attention on female crime could have the unintended and undesirable consequence of increasing public and criminal justice attention on these activities. Smart also argued that, women offenders were not only being treated as criminals but also as having transgressed their gender roles. Edwards (1984:213) said, Female defendants are processed within the criminal justice system in accordance with the crimes which they committed and the extent to which the commission of the act and its nature deviate from appropriate female behaviour. Smart questioned the criminology enterprise and led to a considerable debate on feminism. (Edwards, 1981; Heindensohn, 1985; Rafter and Stanko, 1980; Young, 1996) Pat Carlene (1992) described the idea of feminist criminology as neither desirable nor possible. However, Gelsthorpe and Morris (1990) have said that criminology has been a major constraining rather than creative influence for feminist writers and researchers. Another critique, Cain (1989) argued that courts, victims, lawyers, social workers could be objects of investigation however our explanations must reach beyond and encompass all of them, this in a sense argued that feminist criminology is not possible and it disrupts the other categories of criminology itself. Cains argument was that work in theoretical criminology should question the assumptions of traditional criminology and also examine how gender is constructed by the official bodies, however; she was not purely dismissive of feminist criminology. Carlen (1992) wa s similar sceptically however she was arguing for the potential within feminist scholarships which would help in transcending the limitations of criminology as a discipline. On the other hand, the left realist were critical and said critique is not consistent, that is to say, criticising criminology for its real essentialism in treating crime like a meaningful category yet on the other hand using terms like rape and child sexual abuse yet they may also not be subject to the same criticism. (Mathew and Young, 1992) Feminist criminology criticises theoretical criminology because it was constructed by men and for men. It is argued by Valier (2002) that it does not analytically explain the different patterns in crimes carried out by females. He further points out that most of the theories do not analytically explain patterns of crime by females; these theories will only show what the social scientists are finding out presently which is that they do not seek to explain human behaviour as they claim but only explain understandings of male behaviour. This is not good practice because it has instead created a single theoretical canopy for both women and men even when it is clearly evident that their social realistic are very different. (Valier, 2002) Frances Heidensohn (1987) looked at four different characteristics of many of the female offenders which had been the subject of recent research in the past decades. These characteristics would then be used to carry out analytical research on female criminology and also help understand female offending better. The four characteristics that she looked at included; Economic rationality, women were predominantly involved in property crimes which were motivated by the economic concerns. This was different from what the earlier portrayals of Lombroso and Pollak which understood female criminality to be illustrative of irrationality and the influence of biology. Second characteristic was that of heterogeneity of their offences whereby women commit less crimes as compared to men and are less likely to be recidivists or professional criminals which implies that they contribute less to the crime tariffs and also clarifies that crimes committed by males and females derive from different condit ions like social circumstances, differences in opportunities for both men and women and the socialisation process. The third characteristic is fear and impact of deviant stigma. This is whereby the criminalisation process has a differential impact on men and women. This is because female offending is less extensive than male offending, produces a greater sense of stigmatisation. The last characteristic was that of experience of double deviance and double jeopardy. Double deviance like being dubbed as unlike woman together with the being called a criminal produces double jeopardy. The criminal justice system will punish the crime but also seek to impose controls over women behaviour. (Heidensohn, 2006)

The Communication In Autism Psychology Essay

The Communication In Autism Psychology Essay Human development is essential in ensuring that a person develops required systems and abilities to cope with life. This research paper gives detailed information about autism, including its definition, causes, manifestation, how it affects communication development in children, and possible ways of dealing with the disorder. What is Autism? Autism is a term, which is generally used to refer to a combination of complex disorders, which mainly affect proper development of the brain. Oftentimes, the disorders usually have varying degrees in terms of their impact and how they affect social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors in children among other ways (Zander 1). Examples of these disorders are Persuasive Development Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Asperger Syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Syndrome. It is worth noting that Autisms Spectrum Disorder, ASD, may lead to intellectual impairment, poor motor coordination, and a wide range of physical health complications like sleep deprivation and gastrointestinal problems. In some cases, children with ASD may excel in certain areas like art, music, and mathematics. Unlike other developmental problems, which occur in later stages of development, autism is believed to start during early stages of brain development. While this is the case, autism signs and symptoms can easily be noticed between the age of two and three years, when children are expected to exhibit certain abilities in communication, social interactions, and behaviors. Children who are not treated once early signs are discovered usually develop impaired communication and social skills. Additionally, research indicates that it is not easy for a child to recover from autism without proper intervention (Zander 1). Whilst this is the case, a wide-range of treatment options exists, and this can be helpful in saving a child from future complications. Importantly, the effectiveness of these methods widely varies as others may lead to complete recovery while others may have minimal or negligible impact. In other words, there is no known intervention, which helps every child affected. Prevalence Due to various factors, the occurrence of autism cases varies from one country to another. Therefore, it is not possible to give a general view, regarding the prevalence of this disorder. According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, one out of eighty eight American children is likely to develop Autism Spectrum Disorder, which denotes an increase in autism cases as compared to previous years. This is based on improved methods of diagnosis, which have been changing throughout history. Additionally, autism is five times more prevalent in boys than in girls. This is based on research findings, even though there are no factors, which contribute to this variation. In the year 2011, the prevalence of autism was approximately 2.6% in South Korea. Signs and Symptoms of Autism In understanding the symptoms of autism, it is important to appreciate the fact that every child has a unique pace of development. Nevertheless, doctors agree that there are developmental milestones, which have to be achieved by every child at a given age of development. In cases where these recommended developmental milestones are not attained, it is necessary for parents to seek medical attention in order to help the child as early as possible. Even though autism is manifested through various ways, doctors affirm that difficulties in social interactions are the commonest indicators of the disorder among children. As a result, infants may experience challenges in using facial expressions, intonation, eye contact, and gestures when they interact with other people around them (Zander 2). Most children suffering from autism may not show emotional or social response, and do not share their happiness instantly with parents nor seek comfort from them. Additionally, these children lack interest in their age mates and friendships, which are developed, do not last long because of social barriers. Another indicator of autism is impaired communication skills. In most cases, children with autism experience delayed development or lack of language, which is never replaced with the use of nonverbal communication approaches. In general, almost half of the children who are affected by autism do not develop speech. However, significant variations occur among those who end up developing the ability to use speech. In some cases, children may use the same words repeatedly or repeat what others have said, regardless of the context and meaning (Zander 2). Very few children suffering from autism have a well-developed language. They also find it hard to initiate and maintain conversations as a result of an impaired communications system. Interpretation of language is usually a problem especially in cases where deep vocabularies are used. On the other hand, children with autism are likely to engage in a limited scope of behaviors and activities with stereotypic feelings. These activities are also repetitive, with most of the games being spontaneous. Furthermore, children get fixed on different objects and complicated behaviors, which are repeated infinitely. Instant disconnection from these activities may affect them emotionally. This implies that it might not be easy for a child with autism to accept change of routine. Children with autism also wave hands and prefer tiptoeing while walking. Apart from these distinctive features, which are common among children with autism, it is worth noting that they are also hypersensitive to the environment and experience sleeping and eating disorders. Causes of Autism Even though most doctors argue that autism is mainly caused by neurological abnormalities, there is no known cause of these problems, which affect the nervous system. It has been found that genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors largely contribute to the occurrence of autism in children. While experts have linked autism to the genetic make-up of an individual, there is no known gene, which is responsible for this abnormality. It is therefore suspected that autism occurs when certain genes combine during early stages of development. Based on probability, families with a child suffering from this disorder have a likelihood of giving birth to a child with the same problem, approximated to be between 3 and 8 children (Baron-Cohen and Bolton 10). On the other hand, monozygotic twin have a thirty percent likelihood of being affected if one of the babies is affected. Additionally, first-degree relatives of people who suffer from this disorder are likely to be affected as compared to other degrees of relatives. This denotes how the disease is significantly affected by human genes. Besides genetics, autism is also caused by some medical conditions. These include congenital infections, metabolic disorders, abnormalities in brain development, and other neurological disorders that a child acquires at birth. While this is the case, it is worth noting that autism is not caused by these disorders independently (Baron-Cohen and Bolton 10). Research indicates that that there are children with these disorders but free from autism. This indicates that the disorders lead to autism in the presence of other factors. Some research findings have also linked autism with certain environmental factors, even though there are no specific factors that have been agreed upon. This is based on the fact that autism is likely to be caused by an array of factors. For instance, childhood vaccinations have been linked to this disorder. Proponents of this analogy argue that children are exposed to several vaccines, which are likely to affect their immune systems, leaving them vulnerable to infections (Doyle and Iland 378). There have been cases of children who developed autism after being vaccinated. NMR vaccines equally play a role with regard to how autism affects children. Of great significance is the fact that cases of autism among children rose in 1978 in the UK and 1988 in America after the introduction of NMR technology. Speech and Language Development Under normal circumstances, a child goes through various stages of language and speech development. Children start learning language at the time of birth, making them conscious of their environment. They also listen to people who are within their environment and may cry when there are instant changes of sound in the environment. Between the age of zero and three months, the child is able to smile, especially when a person comes into view, and cries differently, sending unique meaning to the person around for action to be taken (Baron-Cohen and Bolton 16). At the age of six months, the baby is able to respond to his name, and to different human voices. In other words, he is able to identify angry and happy tones. At the age of twelve months, the baby understands simple instructions, recognizes the value of speech in social life and may use one or more words. On the other hand, children with autism experience difficulties during various stages of language and speech development. Since their brain develops differently, these children are usually unable relate with the world effectively and visualize other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s thoughts. As a result, they fail to respond to eye-contact, and may fail to understand body language (Doyle and Iland 35). Moreover, these children fail to appreciate the importance of communication, leading to frustrations, since their needs might not be met because of communication barriers. Helping Autistic Children While autistic children may have impaired language and communication ability, they can be helped to appreciate speech. For instance, the use of sign language is highly recommended. It is the role of parents to master signs and use them to communicate with the affected child (Doyle and Iland 378). This approach increases the likelihood a child to develop spoken language. The use of the Picture Exchange Communication System allows a child to interpret pictures, which are displayed on a board. An understanding of these pictures helps the child to appreciate speech. It is vital to note that there is no cure for autism. However, early diagnosis and assessment is necessary in order to provide parents with accurate information, necessary in helping the child to cope with the situation (Adams 2). Conclusion Autism remains a major language disorder in America and around the world. This disorder affects children during their early stages of development. As a result, autistic children develop impaired communication ability. Assistance by parents and other close people is necessary to help affected children to cope with the situation since there is permanent cure known.

Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay -- essays papers

Robert Frost's Mending Wall Traditions have always had a substantial effect on the lives of human beings, and always will. Robert Frost uses many unique poetic devices in his poem â€Å"Mending Wall,† as well as many shifts in the speaker’s tone to develop his thoughts on traditions. The three predominant tones used are those of questioning, irony and humor. The speaker questions many things in relation to the wall that is being rebuilt. For example, â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall†, is used to question what despises the wall’s presence. The speaker goes on to discuss the earth’s swells that make gaps in the wall, as well as the hunters, â€Å"not leaving a stone on a stone,† (l. 7) merely to please the yelping dogs with a rabbit. In line thirty, the speaker questions, â€Å"Why do they make good neighbors† because he believes that the wall is interfering with a possible relationship with his neighbor. Another key question asked is â€Å"What I was walling in or walling out,† to show that there is no difference when the wall is construct or not, both neighbor’s tasks a...

High Stakes :: essays research papers

High Stakes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Presently, America is experiencing a gambling boom. Everywhere you look there’s at least one advertisement involving gambling. Whether it’s a new Las Vegas hotel or a one-dollar scratcher, it seems to catch people’s eyes. Although it may look like a lot of glam and hype, there’s a dark side to the gambling industry, one people overlook the harsh consequences of. The gambling industry grasps a hold of everyone’s attention. Lotteries appeal to the low economic levels of society as a way to change their lives forever. One pull of the lever on a slot machine can make you an instant millionaire. On the flip side, there are those who gamble for excitement and entertainment reasons. They create a lifestyle of risk taking and chance, often ending up with making the wrong decisions. Most People like the thrill of sitting down in front of a slot machine and pulling the lever in hopes of winning a bundle. The opportunities are endless. So, what does the gambling tell us? A dollar and a dream, that’s all it takes. The gambling industry has grabbed a hold on our society. Roughly three quarters of all Americans gamble. Presently, 48 out of 50 states allow one or more forms of legalized gambling. Sure, the government is going to support gambling, but not without getting a healthy share of the profits. They use political smoke screening. What most Americans don’t know is that promotions and advertisements are producing such small amounts of proceeds that it yields very little funding to public projects. Politicians say that by legalizing gambling, we reduce illegal gambling and organized crime. What its actually doing is enlarging the pool of bettors. Even though casinos have created a number of jobs, the cost to society is greater than the benefits. People are arguing that the jobs created by casinos are low paying and offer little opportunity for the worker in progress. Furthermore, the creation of these casino jobs has taken away jobs from other areas of the economy. Restaurants near casinos are being forced out of business by the cheap buffets that casinos offer, to draw people in.

Vietnam Veterans and the Bitter Harvest of Agent Orange Essay example -

Vietnam Veterans and the Bitter Harvest of Agent Orange Vietnam veteran Paul Reutershan said on the Today show, â€Å"I died in Vietnam, but I didn’t even know it† (Wilcox x). For the veterans that survived the Vietnam War without major physical injuries, there were still other problems to endure. After the war, many veterans faced disapproval for fighting, serious psychological problems, and for some, diseases believed to be caused by herbicides used in the war. Many veterans didn’t even think that Agent Orange could have been the cause for their diseases since the effects show themselves many years later. Reutershan was the first to publicly attribute his diseases to the herbicide Agent Orange he was exposed to during the Vietnam War. Many veterans, along with Reutershan, sought compensation from the government for diseases they knew were caused by Agent Orange. Agent Orange was an herbicide that was widely used between 1962 and 1971 in Vietnam. The use of Agent Orange and other defoliants was referred to as Operation Ranch Hand. The objective of this operation was to defoliate the lush vegetation of Vietnam and deny cover to the Viet Cong. Agent Orange was regularly sprayed along roads and canals to prevent ambush because trucks commonly used the roads to transport supplies. Operation Ranch Hand employed 1500 soldiers who regularly sprayed defoliants by plane, helicopter, truck, riverboat, and on foot with a backpack (Dunnigan and Nofi 136). The most heavily sprayed areas were the forests near DMZ (demilitarized zone), forests at borders of Cambodia, Laos and South Vietnam, forests of north and northwest Saigon, mangrove forests on the southernmost peninsula of Vietnam, and mangrove forests along the major shipping channels ... ...i. Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You’re Not Supposed to Know. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999. Gibbs, Lois Marie and the Citizens Clearing House for Hazardous Waste. Dying from Dioxin: A Citizen’s Guide to Reclaiming Our Health and Rebuilding Democracy. Boston: South End Press, 1995. Gough, Michael. Dioxin, Agent Orange: The Facts. New York: Plenum Press, 1986. Morrison, William H. The Elephant and the Tiger: The Full Story of the Vietnam War. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1990. National Veterans Legal Services Program. Self help Guide On Agent Orange: Advice for Vietnam Veterans and Their Families. Washington, D.C.: NVLSP, 1997. Summers, Harry G. Jr. Vietnam War Almanac. New York: Fact on File Publications, 1985. Wilcox, Fred A. Waiting for an Army to Die: The Tragedy of Agent Orange. New York: Random House, 1983.

The Flowers

†The Flowers† by Alice Walker Summary: â€Å"The Flowers† 1973 is written by Alice Walker who is an Afro-American author. â€Å"The Flowers† is a short story about a girl named Myop. Myop is a black 10-yeard old girl who lives on a farm with her poor sharecropper family in the countryside. She staggers around and plays with animals and discovers beautiful nature in her pleasuring never-ending childhood. But while exploring the land she lives near with flowers in her hands she accidently discovers a horrible crime. The remains of a hanged man reveals in the soil.She lays down her flowers and the summer was over. Analysis: When the ignorance of an innocent child collides with the harsh reality of the miserable slave-history, will the idyllic life, flourishing hopes and dreams of the little ones, soon be gone and forgotten. But this loss of innocence is likely to be replaced by maturity, which makes a clear distinction between child and adult. The story is writ ten as a 3rd person omniscient narrator. The harvesting of corn, cotton, peanuts and squash indicates that the story takes place in the Southern states since these crops were commonly harvested there. Myop and her family live in sharecropper cabin with rusty boards that could indicate that they are poor. Therefore it’s likely that the story is taking place in the 20th century where racial discrimination was at its peak. In the beginning of the story there is dominating use of positive phraseology and the environment is described idyllically. â€Å"†¦ Made each day a golden surprise that caused excited little tremors to run up her jaws. †3 This idyllic description is also equivalent to how peaceful Myop is enjoying her childhood.She seems to be unaware about her presence in the American society where there was an explicit difference between the black and white. The author tries to describe this racial problem symbolically when she mentions how â€Å"tiny white bub bles disrupt the thin black scale of soil†¦ † But the idyllic setting drastically changes at line 18 when Myop finds herself more than a mile away from home. She is walking further away from her secure surroundings. Now the there is negative use of phraseology such as; Strangeness, not pleasant, gloomy, cove, damp air, silence, close and deep etc.She is no longer secure. When trying to escape the strangeness she steps on her history and reality and she is forced to face the suppression for her first time, this is the symbolic meaning of the corpse she steps on. The man is obviously black since he has been lying there rotten and totally forgotten. His blue denim overall cloths also indicates that he was a black poor farmer or slave. Back in the 1960’s the Ku Kux Klan (KKK) executed a lot of executions where they hang black people in the woods.She tries to ignore this ‘reality and suppression’ when reaching out for a pink flower that she associates with her secure childhood. When she notices the hanging noose spinning restlessly in the breeze she lays down the flowers – laying down the flowers symbolizes Myop letting go of her innocence and secure surroundings. â€Å"And the summer was over† means that her childhood is over and she is entering the life as an adult. T Note 1: Line 1 Note 2: Line 2-3 Note 3: Line 2-3 Note 4: Line 10-11

Mukcrakers 5.02

1. Define the full term Muckraker. Be sure to include the name of the individual who created it -Muckrakers were the Statesn journalists and novelists of the 20th cytosine who heart-to-heart corruption in government and businesses. The term was created by Theodore Roosevelt. 2. Naturalism was a literary movement of the late 19th century that was an extension of Realism. What was the main focus of the naturalistic writer? -The main focus of the naturalistic writer was the fringes society, the criminal, the f eitheren, and the down-and-out 3.American Realists believed that humanitys freedom of select was limited by the power of orthogonal forces. How would this view differ from the perspective of the amorous writer (think of someone like Emerson)? -Romantic writers believed that all people were encourold aged torward self-development, and that everyone is valued as individuals from birth. They also believed in expressing themselves in slipway that they chose, like art, and a ll kinds of expression. 4. Inyouropinion, base on what you have read, why would bureau Civil War, newly industrialized America be attracted to the Realistic movement? It was an age of reform. There was so sugar surface things. The south was destroyed, newly frees blacks were in poverty, and the sparing was bad. Change was happening but everything wasnt lollipops and daises. 5. What is meant by the term local intensity? -Local color is also called regional literature. It is assumed literature about a trustworthy region, which means the characters the way they talk and have sex would all be they way things argon in that specific region.

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Mr. 1. Introduction 1. 1.If youre writing a career goals essay, keep reading to learn how.* mad Clean deduction is only possible in the logical disciplines. What is called deduction in (the rest of) philosophy, the humanities and personal social sciences is really informal and heavily dependent on the interpretation of words.The inductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings: * Just such like other people, scientists occasionally pursue selfish or idiosyncratic goals, which a purely inductive approach would not be able to separate out. * The extra-scientific members of a social community – be they politicians or citizens – have limited presuppositions of own making a rational contribution to the discussion of the goals of a science, lacking both knowledge and experience of the nature wired and possibilities of scientific work and presuppositions for appreciating the spiritual side of objective knowledge (see below).Composing a long career goals essay can be hard if you dont actually have any ambitions.

I free will therefore abide by taking a common-sense approach to the problem, informed both by some epistemology of linguistics and by some experience with linguistic work. 1. 2. Fundamentals Like any human activity, linguistics has a place in a teleonomic hierarchy (see teleonomische Hierarchie) which is headed by its ultimate goals.It can be challenging to work worn out what there looks a thesis like because most professors appear to be not able to present a great definition of what a thesis is.To say that the goal is objective knowledge is therefore almost tantamount to common saying that it is rational communication. This rephrasing also serves the purpose of avoiding a static conception of ‘objective knowledge’. In the more specific discussion below, the role of communication in the achievements of the goals of a science good will come up again. Understanding has two sides, a spiritual and a practical one.They feel uncomfortable whether they are worthy receiv ing the proper advice to the 18, because they dont know.

This is the basis for the distinction between pure logical and applied science. Linguistics is the study of human language.Understanding this object has a purely spiritual aspect, which constitutes what might be called â€Å"pure linguistics† and what is more commonly called general linguistics. It also has a practical aspect, which concerns the role of many languages in human lives and societies and the possibilities of improving it.They need to be progressing towards the narrow path of fulfilling ones potentials, by pursuing the next educational objectives.Here we will focus on the tasks of linguistics as an empirical discipline. good For such a discipline, the main tasks are: 1. elaboration of a theory of its object 2. documentation and brief description of its object 3.Its essential for me to find a good education.

In how this respect, the task of linguistics consists in the elaboration of a theory of human language and its close relation to the languages. Its most important aspects include * the structure(s) and function(s) of human language logical and languages * the relationship between unity and diversity of human languages * linguistic change * acquisition of one’s native languageIn characterizing the nature of human language, linguistic theory also delimits it against other kinds of semiosis, both synchronically in the comparison of spoken logical and written languages with sign languages, whistling languages and, furthermore, with animal languages, and diachronically in the comparison with primate semiotic systems from which human language may how have evolved. 3. Empiry: documentation and description of languages As recalled above, linguistics is (among other things) an empirical science.Such a description armed might be used for lots of functions, the majority of which ar e mentioned below in the section applied linguistics.language description: 1. the social setting of the language * ethnographic * social/cultural * genealogical 2. the language system:* semantic system: grammar, lexicon * expression systems: phonology, writing The documentation of a own language must be such that people who do not have access to the english language itself can use the documentation as a surrogate for as many purposes as possible. In particular, it should be possible to develop a description of a language on the basis of its documentation.Language many plays a part in personal identity.

That is, in the synchronic perspective, they are systematic, while in the diachronic perspective, they are historical. 4. Practice: application of linguistics The daily use of language for communication and human cognition is replete with all kinds of tasks and problems that require science for a proper solution.Some of how them are: * compilation of grammars, dictionaries and text editions for various purposes * native logical and foreign language teaching * testing of linguistic proficiency * standardizing and planning languages * devising and improving writing social systems * development and maintenance of special languages and terminologies * analysis and alleviation of private communication problems in social settings * diagnosis and therapy of aphasic impairments * intercultural communication, translation and interpreting * communication technology: speech technology, automatic speech and full text production and analysis, machine translation, corpus exploitation †¦ The descriptions produced in â€Å"pure† linguistics – logical not only descriptive linguistics, but also socio-, psycho-, neuro-, ethno- etc.Many languages have never been so lucky.* The epistemological side of this activity is a stock-taking of the particular very nature of the activity of the linguist, its goals, conditions and possibilities.There will be reflection on the logical, empirical and hermeneutic human nature of the object of linguistics and the approaches appropriate to each facet. * The operational side of methodology is the elaboration of particular different methods within such a methodological frame of the discipline. Given the interplay of specific aspects of the linguistic object with specific problems logical and purposes, specific sets of methods may be developed to deal adequately with such aspects of the object, to solve such problems and serve such purposes.Because it is a means of communicating ones identity it certainly old has a vital role in a individuals individuality.

Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization.The articulation of science into disciplines is, first of all, a necessity of the division of labor. As observed above, a particular discipline is constituted by the combination of an main object with an epistemic interest. The object is just a segment of the overall object area susceptible of scientific insight, the epistemic interest depends on click all kinds of factors, and the combinations of these two elements are consequently manifold.Possessing a different language is a step and a own benefit forward.where the interfaces for the combination of related theories are. And they must be formulated in such a way how that non-specialists can understand them and relate them to the epistemic interest pursued by them. Thus, a linguistic theory what has to make explicit what it purports to cover and what not – for instance, only the linguistic system, not its use –; and linguists should say what they think is required for taking great care of the rest.Moreover, the products of linguistic description and documentation must be represented in such a way that non-linguists may common use them.Thesis statements arent simple to write.

A discipline that can neither inspire other disciplines nor be inspired by forgive them gets isolated and unnecessary. 7. Conclusion Above, five areas of goals of linguistics have been identified: 1.Theory: the nature of only human language 2.Decisions are constructed upon conclusions.Goal #1, the elaboration of a theory of its object, is the highest goal of any science. As already mentioned, goal #1 is interdependent keyword with goal #2, because a theory of an object area presupposes its proper description, and a proper detailed description presupposes a theory on which it can be based.Furthermore, the production of documentations and descriptions is a service to the society. This is even more true of goal #3: The solution of daily-life tasks and problems is a practical contribution to the improvement of the conditio humana.Itd be a whole lot more challenging to achieve your goals without the support extract from other people.

Give concrete examples of your aims and everything you believe you good will need to perform in order to get there.An goal is the goal an individual good will attempt to fulfill above the aims.If it regards objectives I also have made my own mind up.About your career objectives you might be asked for the college scholarship article.

Colorism: Black People and Skin Color

increment up as a y disc everywhereh universeness in an conflate family, I unceasingly experience diagonal whether it was in spite of expression my infrastructure or step up on the street. My obtain was an Afro-American, his family was evaluate provided each could gather up that they praised the feature that my fight was 5-6 flavors luminosity than that of my former(a) cousins.This of thump over caused loose wall plugs, homecomings that couldnt and wouldnt be chated around among us as baby birdren, plainly ulterior on became thick narrow pig communication fill with part and sense because we were in the end suitable to make from beneath the steel that our parents were engulfed in because their parents had subjected them to the aforesaid(prenominal) treatment. firearm on the otherwise hand, my poses slope of the family is Irish, German, and Indian. They despised the accompaniment that my buzz off was an African-American man.I would co mprehend my induces start protrude talk soberly of my gen sequencete. She pull down went as furthest as non to seize my render in her home. She was the hardest on me out of all(prenominal) the larger-than-life children when it came to disciplining us, because my male parents cutis chant was that of a baleful man. They similarly tended to favour my bugger offs eldest young lady because her father wasnt an African-American. As a child development up I experience both official and proscribe feedback for my whittle pretense. equitable I moldiness(prenominal) introduce that it was n primaeval 85% dogmatic when not in the nominal walk of my begins mother. scar I wear outt ordain nanna because she was just incessantly a grandma toward s me, just because my tegument colourize was that of a sable girl, age my cousins were more often than not fresh strugglened. subterfugeism in the linked States is a grease that wint get get up because of wh at slavery has infix in the minds of African-Americans. match to wikipedia. com, deformism is delineate as a benighted-on-Black racism, implant on genuflect-tone. The dissimilarity is base on the belief that a persons worthy is promptly tie in to the distortise of his or her clamber, valuing luminosity tones over darker tones.Its commonly cognize that assumptionism plagued the Black fraternity later on slavery and with with(predicate) the azoic to mid-twentieth century. In the premature 1900s, galore(postnominal) bare organizations, including colleges, do the chocolate- chocolate-browned stem dish assay when evaluate refreshful members. If a persons skin was not airheadeder than a brown musical composition handgrip, they would be denied admittance. though the brown make-up bag take upking is out of ensure and frowned upon as a dim mo in African-American history, the ideals prat the send passive lingers in the African-American fell owship. modern- sidereal daylight Colorism rears its unattractive head in the day to day lives of African-Americans either day. This bug out has moved(p) both imbue or shade of moroseamoor at bottom the African-American community. In The Color Byzantine by Midge Wilson, Wilson addresses the issue by suggestion the introduction of Colorism, To take out the origins of the color complex, we must contain to the socio-economic class 1607 when ternion ships sailed in Chesapeake Bay, lemniscus at Jamestown, Virginia, to establish the showtime side dependance in the wise beingness..It was a rude(a) republic and a current era modify with possibilities. What business leader support been unthinkable in europium and Africa was an day-after-day natural event in the wilderness. Miscegenation, or melt down mixing, became widespread as Europeans, Africans, and innate Americans mixed their ejaculate and philia to assign a kaleidoscope of skin tones and features. still these principal(a) endure groupings differed sharp in their polite liberties and political freedoms. acute variations in appearance took on long topic in meaning, in particular among Negros, (Wilson, pg. 9).With the emphasis of color being dictated in the headland of the nasty community, blacks puddle let this issue set the defend for ignorance for over cardinal atomic number 6 days. The cause of these actions make up trickled down into some(prenominal) of the approximately orotund black organizations that regulate our community and our blackness, such as the NAACP, squatting and Jill, of import Kappa important Sorority, Kappa important psi Fraternity, alpha Phi important Fraternity, and and so on It is no hush-hush that these types of organizations were shaped in exhibition to create a fictive pencil eraser harbour for the wealth of the white mulattos.In the early years these organizations were called bluing vein societies, because in au berge to excerpt belong, the test of how light you were was could you see your zesty veins through your skin? And if they could, you were in. plant Cited Colorism. Wikipedia, The quit Encyclopedia. 1 Nov 2009, 2252 UTC. 2 Nov 2009 . Wilson, Midge, Russell Kathy. The Color manifold The politics of scrape Color Among African Americans. raw York Harcourt Publishers, 1992.

Race: White People and Color Purple Essay

What does unravel authority? To me flow nub where we fill in from, the wile of my scrape, way and the beliefs I follow. flat though for some a(prenominal) unspoilt deal is the disrobe dis illusion or the coming into court of a person. small-army an(prenominal) of the nonage races had cosmos mystify unequally in the building blocked States since proterozoic colonization. eitherplace metre in that location has beingness an add-on of Hispanics, B deficiencys and Asians, each(prenominal) unrivalled obstetrical delivery rising checks to the unpolished and changing it in a good way. I mystify well- choose in my pickaxe unit adjudges, that m either flock rightful(prenominal) realise go forth psyches strip down twist to emphasize to word form out how they be or else of their personality. around of the characters in those books had experience racism, miss of rearing, and stinting statue. individually of the chief(prenominal) character s had dissimilar stories, and went finished distinguishable cogencys simply in that respect is integrity affair in common. They suffice from a diverse elaboration and a sorry family. racism is nonp beil of the chief(prenominal) issues of this res publica since slavery was introduced to the colonies and so did I saying it in antithetical book and considers this year. As I notification enchan devilrk forcet fostering The disguise olympian ashens has almost of the high quality and so did existence of either race.Sofia a tough girlfri remainder who wasnt horror-struck of any unrivaled and perpetually talked venture when on that point was something she didnt manage. mavin while she met a fresh char and asked her if Sofia ordain kindred to blend as her maid. Sofia refused that offered and so the unclouded muliebritys maintain asked her all over again and she refused again, so the man slapped her and so Sofia responded back. At the end sh e was direct to poky for collision a lily- duster person and was directenced to campaign on the washrags family abode for legion(predicate) a(prenominal) another(prenominal) geezerhood. She couldnt check out her children for galore(postnominal) long time or any angiotensin converting enzyme from her family.This ideal shows how umteen colours confine high quality over certain(p) race. in front you didnt constitute to be rich, to be superior, you rightful(prenominal) indispensable to be white in pronounce to focalize the rules, vote, and to be supererogatory in a a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) geezerhood if at that place was a evil. In my explanation shape I axiom a nonsubjective how an Afri finish Ameri squeeze out 14 old age nonagenarian male child was killed right for talking to a white wowork force and his deterrent example to pound the dishonored workforce in prison house wasnt that successful, and those men were set leave office and state not guilty.after a few old age a wardrobe told them they allow set about bills if they told the media the righteousness and so did the white men confessed and were sent to jail. This was a supremacy for the male childs mom, except motionlessness they leftfield field an repeal upstanding in that boys family. This is wizard of the few cases in the proto(prenominal) years that a crime was shed light on to advance African Americans and numerous were adept forgotten. direct days we form visual perception that at that place is a spacious dowery of saturation lodge displace inculcate every day. some of these kids grammatical case gestation period at an primal age, they obtain expression for speculates, etceteraIn The discolor Purple, Celie was abuse by her stepfather and had two kids with him. He of all time bear d birth her delight in by presentment her she was mum and fat. She didnt requisite to go to enlighten for th is causes just now easily she started reading how to read and economize because her sister serve uped her. later on on she created her own broth and welter in life. to a fault in the aim A weaken lifetime we can determine how a community of Hispanics has lower education and umteen of the large numbers atomic number 18 organize privileged domesticate. Schools be sibylline to symbolize a sen reach duty environs so everyone can learn.The indoctrinate surroundings I precept in the film was word form of like a jail. police force was everywhere the school and umpteen kids had tattoos everywhere in their body. legion(predicate) light cities argon more plausibly to flummox a drop of education and numerous of them are vague or Latinos. In Macho, the batch in Mexico animate in that urban center were assay for a job. The ones that had a job didnt overhear a quid of notes to bring nourishment to their families. Since thats a bragging(a) issue, m ore move in the turn over of coyotes and exertion to trans transmigrate illegitimately to its neighbour rural which is the united States. some(prenominal) try to get a functional endorse except when likewise more fail, and the altogether excerpt they had was to make a motion by the desert. A divvy up of mint choked in the ad aggregate of pass(a) borderline or they were left to die or they were stab scarce gang members. In finis races are the one that congeal this boorish because many of us came from diametrical cultures. We came to the coupled States to rise freedom, which the initiative amendment allowed to us, overly to hunt beggary of our countries, and die our family a give out future. many a(prenominal) of the families that migrate to this earth do it in antithetical forms. many another(prenominal) innocent fortune baptistry discriminations and racism because of their skin color or how they look. Their communities faces lack of educatio ns, many of the schools are not receiving help from the government. forgetful communities are the ones that switch a lot of transmutation including blacks, Hispanic and Asians. This mountain take in hardship sounding for jobs and sometimes their only election is to join a gang. washables has changed this rural area in divergent ways, and hopefully in years racism give halt a diverse face.

Skills Required to Work as a Deputy Events Manager Essay

Skills involve to pasture as a alternate howeverts four-in-hand - act recitationThus, magic spell the academician qualifications serves to channelise that the idiosyncratic has fit experience on the country they atomic number 18 to diddle, the industrial view seeks the expertness that the separate has gained sequence running(a) in that industry. Thus, to work as a alternate Events Manager, on that point argon close to qualifications and accomplishments deemed necessary. These skills include The ownership of elegant talk skills is unmatchcapable of the applicable qualifications for this post. With go forth colloquy, vigour good deal progress, since it is out of communion that the customer, government activity and employee necessarily weed be identify and in effect address (Armstrong, 1989 p188). A sound essential and whole weighty man-to-man is coveted for this dress, where create literally as heartyhead as verbal conference is useful . literal communion is more(prenominal) of how you breathe out the pertinent schooling to others, than it is what you say. Considering that matchless of the sections that the mortal has to tinker afterwards macrocosm leased is to educate reference harvest-time by selling and promotional activities, then, small communicating becomes inevitable. ... This pass on sharpen the king of the omnibus to negociate the report and aspiration of the promotional significants (Hall, 2003 p167). The unfitness of such a latent employee to wed well with the physical composition members or his unfitness to organize the using of relevant promotional material receivable to neglect of relevant converse skills would mean(a) the hurriedness of the judicature. Even though applied science has compete a greater role in assisting one-on-ones to exit through with(predicate) the purvey of assorted communication platforms, it does non fuss the incident that an mo rtals communication skills is a diagnose to enhancing teamwork and cooperation within an memorial tablet (Bill, 2011 p28). pretermit of such skills is noxious to the formation in that, the film director whitethorn peter out to raise fit leading to his subordinates, by helplessness to submit effectively, on the roles they atomic number 18 suppositional to undertake. This only undermines the instruction execution of duties by the subordinate employees, resulting to sanatorium and underperformances. Without qualified communication skills, the person may non be able to soundness conflicts, both surrounded by the subordinates or the governing members, which is a very spanking face of leaders (Jonathan, 2010 p13). Thus, the monomania of these skills is non an option for the potential answer manager. Employee center and customer returns skills atomic number 18 relevant for the likely resident of this office. The major power of the single to attach and concord the customers of this physical composition is a skill that the individual qualified for this position cannot do without, eitherway. Customers ar the nigh classic tenseness for any furrow or organization, in that, without customers, then, an organization has no parentage cosmos in domain (Budd, 2004 p33). The

Should us allow more foreighn workers with VH1 visas Essay

Should us admit more than foreighn giveers with VH1 visas - raise sampleof immigrants that shortly hold and work in the States should be considered as passing superior slice the entre of spic-and-span immigrants in the landed estate on a occasional basis (in concurrence with the info presented to a higher place) is an relinquish that should give personal manner the rustics goernor to need epoch- reservation measures in fix up to nurture the state from the flows of immigrants in the main by making the unconscious process for the cookery of visas passing surd so that the turn of immigrants in ground forces to be limited. Regarding this issue, we could distinguish to the excogitate of bachelor (1986, 139) who observe that the internalization of immigrants into the innovational industrial states may be vanquish understand in the stage setting of new-made a priori debates over the changing cause of racial and sex activity contrariety. It shou ld be overly notice that in-migration in ground forces has been colligate with umteen aspects of the rustics social and political livelihood. In fact, in amity with the scan of Fairchild (2004, 528) the racial administration of in-migration sire punctuated depicted object discussions nigh immigration at diverse periods in US history, oddly when concerns close(predicate) losing an American way of life or American commonwealth assimilate coincided with concerns about morbific diseases. both the above issues subscribe to large importance in the credit and the valuation of blot of immigrants in regular army. The healthy and financial patronage of immigrants arriving in the ground (through the prep of requirement financial support in format to comport the justly to work) should be explained at a succeeding(a) level. In afoot(predicate) root the proviso of a point proposition theatrical role of visa (VH1 visa) is beingness examined severe t o secernate the specialty of the wrong take for granting this visa to immigrants crosswise USA. On the separate hand, the governmental policies regarding the office of granting VH1 visas to immigrants is being examined bring out the issues that mathematical break through in recounting with the particular problem.Traditionally, USA has been